Organic Farming: Paradigm Shift during Pandemic to ‘Food Safety” Complying ‘Food Security” in India
Annual Research & Review in Biology,
Page 63-74
DOI:
10.9734/arrb/2020/v35i1030289
Abstract
The organic farming is gaining worldwide acceptance since the conventional farming gratifies the demand of both food security and the food safety especially during the pandemic year 2020 of COVID 19. Though demographic rise demands for high yielding grains, fruits and spices but under present scenario it fails to satisfy the food safety. The high yielding highbred seeds, chemical fertilizers and pesticides are degrading the fertility gradually and raising health concerns and do not meet the cosmetic standard. The organic farming is labour intensive with higher input costs and lower yields as compared to conventional farming yet it is in demand for its food safety. The search is to uncover whether the yields from Organic farms in India is capable to ameliorates manage pests and diseases, economic feasibility, food safety, nutrient requirement, environmental sustainability, augment food quality. The influence of shut downs are revealed. The producers face the challenges of certification, beating income during transition, seeds and manures and marketing etc. In India, the end produce of organic products are highly expensive and have high end consumers. The cost amelioration needs to be attended by government institutions as tribal and hilly areas in India like Sikkim, Meghalaya and other tribal areas. The tribal population has high organic farming inputs, logistics facilities and huge organic produces from food grains to fishes and cosmetics and spices. But the novice cropping pattern needs “cluster approach for organic lands (ODOP)”, “compensation for incomes losses during transition phase”, “active participation of Corporate houses and NGOs”, “assuring adequate return on investments”, for registering phenomenal rise in the organic farming in India.
Keywords:
- Food security
- organic farming
- transition phase
- food safety
- bio magnification
- export markets
- ARIMA model
How to Cite
Mishra, D. P., & Mishra, S. P. (2020). Organic Farming: Paradigm Shift during Pandemic to ‘Food Safety” Complying ‘Food Security” in India. Annual Research & Review in Biology, 35(10), 63-74. https://doi.org/10.9734/arrb/2020/v35i1030289
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Behera KK, Alam A, Vats S, Sharma HP, Sharma V. Organic farming history and techniques. In Book: Agroecology and Strategies for Climate Change; 2011. DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-1905-7_12
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Anderson RL. Synergism: A rotation effect of improved growth efficiency. Adv Agron. 2011;112:205–226. DOI:10.1016/B978-0-12-385538-1.00005-6
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McBride WD, Greene C. Despite profit potential, organic field crop acreage remains low; USDA; Economic Research Service; 2015. Available:https://www.ers.usda.gov/amber-waves/2015/november/despite-profit-potential-organic-field-crop-acreage-remains-low/
Barik AK. Organic farming in India: Present status, challenges and technological breakthrough. The Third International Conference on Bio-resource and Stress Management. 2017;084-093.
Savage Steve, 2016 and 2018, USDA data confirm organic yields significantly lower than with conventional farming. Available:https://geneticliteracy project.org/2018/02/16/usda-data-confirm-organic-yields
Howard SA. An agricultural testament, research foundation for science, technology and ecology. New Delhi; Rodale Press Edition, US; 1976.
Sharma AK. A handbook of organic farming. Jodhpur (India): Agrobios; 2001.
Sharma N, Singhvi R. Effects of chemical fertilizers and pesticides on human health and environment: A review. Int. J. Agric. Environ. Biotechnol. 2017;10(6):675-679.
Narayan S. The organic farming in India, Relevance, problems and constraints. Occasional Paper - 38, Department of Economic Analysis and Research, NABARD; 2005.
Aulakh CS, Ravisankar N. Organic farming in Indian context: A perspective. Agric Res J. 2017;4(2):149-164. DOI: 10.5958/2395-146X.2017.00031
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Deshmukh MS, Babbar AN. Can organic farming contribute to sustainable agricultural development? South-Asian Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies. 2015;2(4)(SJIF:2.246):11-23.
Krishna Prabhu S. Organic farming in India: Concept, applications and perspectives. Journal of Physics: Conference Series. 2019;1362. DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/1362/1/012020
Sharma SD, Kumar Vijay S. Organic agriculture: An option for fostering sustainable and inclusive agriculture development in India, TERI, Discussion Paper of The Energy and Resources Institute). 2015;1-28.
Dalwai Ashok. The report on doubling of farmers’ income, 1st Oct; 2019. Available:https://www.thehindu businessline.com/economy/agri-business/were-on-track-to-doubling-farmers-income-ashok-
Mukharjee A, Dutta S, Goyal TM, Kapoor A, Mendiratta. Promoting organic food products and exports - status, issues and way forward; Working Paper 342, Indian Council for Research on International Economic Relations; 2017. Available:http://icrier.org/pdf/Working_Paper_342.pdf
Abdullah Md. Assessment of socio-economic practices in organic farming for the sustainable production: A case study of Sikkim State (India); 2019.
Mishra DP, Mishra SP, Mishra N, Sahoo M. Productivity, production and export of food grains: Odisha’s context to Indian strategies. Journal of Advanced Research. 2018;6(11):767-779. DOI: 10.21474/IJAR01/8057
Crowder DW, Reganold JP. Financial competitiveness of organic agriculture on a global scale. PNAS. 2015;112:7611–16.
Vyas AK, Sarkar NC. Managing natural resources through agronomic interventions for doubling farmers’ income by 2022; The Third International Conference on Bio-resource and Stress Management. 2017;23-35.
Kumar V. Union Budget 2020– 21: Big talk on natural farming but no support [Web log post]; 2020. Available:https://www.downtoearth.org.in/blog/agriculture/union-budget-2020-21-big-talk-on-natural-farming-but-no-support-69131
Hans VB, Rao R. Organic farming for sustainable development in India. Acta Scientific Agriculture. 2018;2(2):96-102.
Mgaya JF. Application of ARIMA models in forecasting livestock products consumption in Tanzania, Cogent Food & Agriculture. 2019;5:1. DOI: 10.1080/23311932.2019.1607430
FiBL and IFOAM – Organics International. The world of organic agriculture: Statistics and emerging trends. Editors: Willer H, Lernoud J.; 2019. Available:https://shop.fibl.org/CHen/mwdownloads/download/link/id/1202/?ref=1
Garibay SV, Jyoti K. Market opportunities and challenges for Indian organic products. Research Institute of Organic Agriculture (FIBL) and AC Nielsen ORG-MARG; 2013. Available:http://www.orgprints.org/2684/1/garibay-2003-Market-Study-India.pdf
Crowder DW, Reganold JP. Research on sustainable agriculture and rural development, Madras, India First Published on; 2015. Available:https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1423674112 and edited by M.S. Swaminathan
Das S, Chatterjee A, Pal TK. Organic farming in India: A vision towards a healthy nation. Food Quality and Safety. 2020;4(2):69–76. Available:https://doi.org/10.1093/fqsafe/fyaa018
Schmidhuber J, Pound J, Qiao B. COVID-19: Channels of transmission to food and agriculture. Rome, FAO; 2020. Available:https://doi.org/10.4060/ca8430en
Jadav AK. Organic agriculture (concept, scenario, principals and practices); national project on organic farming. Deptt of Agriculture and Cooperation, Govt of India. 2012;1-59.
Meena RP, Meena HP, Meena Meena RS. Organic farming concept: And components popular Kheti. 2014;1(4):05-15.
Sonia Prashar, CEO Nürnberg Messe India; BIOFACH INDIA; 2018. Available:https://www.biofach.de/en/news/press-releases/biofach-india-10-anniversary-uo5dor9ty3_pireport
Rana SS. (Rev -2016). Organic farming. Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishva vidyalaya, Palampur. 2011;90.
Randhawa MS. A history of agriculture in India 1980-1986. I-IV, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi; 1986.
Pereira W. Tending the earth. Earthcare Books, Bombay, India; 1993.
Behera KK, Alam A, Vats S, Sharma HP, Sharma V. Organic farming history and techniques. In Book: Agroecology and Strategies for Climate Change; 2011. DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-1905-7_12
Ye XJ, Wang ZQ, Li QS. The ecological agriculture movement in Modern China. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment. 2002;92(2–3):261–281. Available:http://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-8809(01)00294-8
Qiao Y. Organic agriculture development in China. Willer, H. and Kilcher, L. (Eds.) (2011): Asia Country Reports China. The World of Organic Agriculture. Statistics and Emerging Trends 2011. IFOAM, Bonn, & FiBL, Frick. 2011;132-136. In Modern China. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Env. 2011;92(3):261-281.
Aktar MW, Sengupta D, Chowdhury A. Impact of pesticides use in agriculture: Their benefits and hazards. Interdisciplinary Toxicology. 2009;2(1):1–12.
Anderson RL. Synergism: A rotation effect of improved growth efficiency. Adv Agron. 2011;112:205–226. DOI:10.1016/B978-0-12-385538-1.00005-6
Wells MS, Reberg-Horton SC, Mirsky SB. Cultural strategies for managing weeds and soil moisture in cover crop based no-till soybean production. Weed Sci. 2014;62:501–511. DOI: 10.1614/WS-D-13-00142.1
Anderson Randy L. A rotation design to reduce weed density in organic farming. Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems. 2010;25(3):189-195.
McBride WD, Greene C. Despite profit potential, organic field crop acreage remains low; USDA; Economic Research Service; 2015. Available:https://www.ers.usda.gov/amber-waves/2015/november/despite-profit-potential-organic-field-crop-acreage-remains-low/
Barik AK. Organic farming in India: Present status, challenges and technological breakthrough. The Third International Conference on Bio-resource and Stress Management. 2017;084-093.
Savage Steve, 2016 and 2018, USDA data confirm organic yields significantly lower than with conventional farming. Available:https://geneticliteracy project.org/2018/02/16/usda-data-confirm-organic-yields
Howard SA. An agricultural testament, research foundation for science, technology and ecology. New Delhi; Rodale Press Edition, US; 1976.
Sharma AK. A handbook of organic farming. Jodhpur (India): Agrobios; 2001.
Sharma N, Singhvi R. Effects of chemical fertilizers and pesticides on human health and environment: A review. Int. J. Agric. Environ. Biotechnol. 2017;10(6):675-679.
Narayan S. The organic farming in India, Relevance, problems and constraints. Occasional Paper - 38, Department of Economic Analysis and Research, NABARD; 2005.
Aulakh CS, Ravisankar N. Organic farming in Indian context: A perspective. Agric Res J. 2017;4(2):149-164. DOI: 10.5958/2395-146X.2017.00031
Muller A. Benefits of organic agriculture as a climate change adaptation and mitigation strategy for developing countries. Env. for Dev., Discussion Paper Series. IOP Conference Series Earth and Env. Sc. 2009;6(343);1-9. DOI: 10.1088/1755-1307/6/37/372032
Aher SB, Swami B, Sengupta B. Organic agriculture: Way towards sustainable development. Inter. Jr. of Env. Sc. 2012;3(1):209-215. DOI: 10.6088/ijes.2012030131021
IFOAM. Organic 3.0 for truly sustainable farming and consumption. Discussion paper by Markus Arbenz, David Gould and Christopher Stopes, based on think tanking by SOAAN and IFOAM - Organics International and launched at the ISOFAR International Organic EXPO, Goesan County; 2015.
Deshmukh MS, Babbar AN. Can organic farming contribute to sustainable agricultural development? South-Asian Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies. 2015;2(4)(SJIF:2.246):11-23.
Krishna Prabhu S. Organic farming in India: Concept, applications and perspectives. Journal of Physics: Conference Series. 2019;1362. DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/1362/1/012020
Sharma SD, Kumar Vijay S. Organic agriculture: An option for fostering sustainable and inclusive agriculture development in India, TERI, Discussion Paper of The Energy and Resources Institute). 2015;1-28.
Dalwai Ashok. The report on doubling of farmers’ income, 1st Oct; 2019. Available:https://www.thehindu businessline.com/economy/agri-business/were-on-track-to-doubling-farmers-income-ashok-
Mukharjee A, Dutta S, Goyal TM, Kapoor A, Mendiratta. Promoting organic food products and exports - status, issues and way forward; Working Paper 342, Indian Council for Research on International Economic Relations; 2017. Available:http://icrier.org/pdf/Working_Paper_342.pdf
Abdullah Md. Assessment of socio-economic practices in organic farming for the sustainable production: A case study of Sikkim State (India); 2019.
Mishra DP, Mishra SP, Mishra N, Sahoo M. Productivity, production and export of food grains: Odisha’s context to Indian strategies. Journal of Advanced Research. 2018;6(11):767-779. DOI: 10.21474/IJAR01/8057
Crowder DW, Reganold JP. Financial competitiveness of organic agriculture on a global scale. PNAS. 2015;112:7611–16.
Vyas AK, Sarkar NC. Managing natural resources through agronomic interventions for doubling farmers’ income by 2022; The Third International Conference on Bio-resource and Stress Management. 2017;23-35.
Kumar V. Union Budget 2020– 21: Big talk on natural farming but no support [Web log post]; 2020. Available:https://www.downtoearth.org.in/blog/agriculture/union-budget-2020-21-big-talk-on-natural-farming-but-no-support-69131
Hans VB, Rao R. Organic farming for sustainable development in India. Acta Scientific Agriculture. 2018;2(2):96-102.
Mgaya JF. Application of ARIMA models in forecasting livestock products consumption in Tanzania, Cogent Food & Agriculture. 2019;5:1. DOI: 10.1080/23311932.2019.1607430
FiBL and IFOAM – Organics International. The world of organic agriculture: Statistics and emerging trends. Editors: Willer H, Lernoud J.; 2019. Available:https://shop.fibl.org/CHen/mwdownloads/download/link/id/1202/?ref=1
Garibay SV, Jyoti K. Market opportunities and challenges for Indian organic products. Research Institute of Organic Agriculture (FIBL) and AC Nielsen ORG-MARG; 2013. Available:http://www.orgprints.org/2684/1/garibay-2003-Market-Study-India.pdf
Crowder DW, Reganold JP. Research on sustainable agriculture and rural development, Madras, India First Published on; 2015. Available:https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1423674112 and edited by M.S. Swaminathan
Das S, Chatterjee A, Pal TK. Organic farming in India: A vision towards a healthy nation. Food Quality and Safety. 2020;4(2):69–76. Available:https://doi.org/10.1093/fqsafe/fyaa018
Schmidhuber J, Pound J, Qiao B. COVID-19: Channels of transmission to food and agriculture. Rome, FAO; 2020. Available:https://doi.org/10.4060/ca8430en
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