Direct Evidence for Intracellular Homeostasis in Mammalian Cells: Insulin-independent Glucose Metabolisms
Annual Research & Review in Biology,
Page 10-19
DOI:
10.9734/arrb/2022/v37i330493
Abstract
In our previous study, carbonates, NaHCO3 and Na2CO3, influence glucose metabolism in vitro, using Py-3Y1-S2 rat fibroblast cells, and these compounds accelerate significantly glucose consumption. In the present study, the effects of the carbonates on glucose metabolism were examined to determine whether these effects are universal among different cell lines, VERO green monkey kidney cells, TE-13 human esophageal cancer cells, and HepG2 human cells. Glucose was completely converted to lactate, which disappeared gradually from the culture medium. However, the disappearance of lactate from the medium was independent of carbonates. The present study clarified that NaHCO3 and Na2CO3 directly regulate glucose metabolism among different cell lines via an insulin-independent pathway, that is, intracellular homeostasis.
Keywords:
- Intracellular
- homeostasis
- insulin
- glucose
- metabolism
- diabetes
- anti-diabetic
- carbonates
- lactate
- Concanavalin A
- vanadium
- mitochondria
How to Cite
Sorimachi, K. (2022). Direct Evidence for Intracellular Homeostasis in Mammalian Cells: Insulin-independent Glucose Metabolisms. Annual Research & Review in Biology, 37(3), 10-19. https://doi.org/10.9734/arrb/2022/v37i330493
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Meyerovitch J, Farfel Z, Sack J, Shechter Y. Oral administration of vanadate normalizes blood glucose levels in streptozotocin-treated rats. Characterization and mode of action. J Biol Chem. 1987;262:6658-62.
Heyliger CE, Tahiliani AG, McNeill JH. Effect of vanadate on elevated blood glucose and depressed cardiac performance of diabetic rats. Science. 1985;227:1474-7.
Sakurai H, Tsuchiya K, Nukatsuka M, Sofue M, Kawada J. Insulin-like effect of vanadyl ion on streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. J Endocrinol. 1990;126:451-9.
Thompson KH, Leichter J, McNeill JH. Studies of vanadyl sulfate as a glucose-lowering agent in STZ-diabetic rats. Biochem Biophy Res Comm. 1993;197:1549-55.
Xie M, Gao L, Li L, Liu W, Yan S. A new orally active antidiabetic vanadyl complex--bis(alpha-furancarboxylato)oxovanadium(IV). J Inorg Biochem. 2005;99:546-51.
Pillai SI, Subramanian SP, Kandaswamy M. A novel insulin mimetic vanadium-flavonol complex: synthesis, characterization and in vivo evaluation in STZ-induced rats. Euro J Med Chem. 2013;63:109-17.
Jiang P, Dong Z, Ma B, et al. Effect of Vanadyl Rosiglitazone, a New Insulin-Mimetic Vanadium Complexes, on Glucose Homeostasis of Diabetic Mice. Appl Biochem Biotechnol; 2016. [Epub ahead of print]
Liu Y, Xu J, Guo Y, Xue Y, Wang J, Xue C. Ameliorative effect of vanadyl(IV)-ascorbate complex on high-fat high-sucrose diet-induced hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, and oxidative stress in mice. J Trace Elem Med Biol. 2015;32:155-61.
Poucheret P, Verma S, Grynpas MD, McNeill JH. Vanadium and diabetes. Mol Cell Biochem. 1998;188:73-80.
Shafrir E, Spielman S, Nachliel I, Khamaisi M, Bar-On H, Ziv E. Treatment of diabetes with vanadium salts: General overview and amelioration of nutritionally induced diabetes in the Psammomys obesus gerbil. Diabetes Metab Res Rev. 2001;17:55-66.
Rehder D. Perspectives for vanadium in health issues. Fut Med Chem. 2016;8:325-38.
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Huyer G, Liu S, Kelly J, et al. Mechanism of inhibition of protein-tyrosine phosphatases by vanadate and pervanadate. J Biol Chem. 1997;272:843-51.
Kitsuta T, Attractive vanadium water in decrease in blood glucose concentration (in Japanese). In Good Blood Condition with Vanadium Water. Tokyo: An extra number of Takarajima (Vol. 1054) 2004;12-22.
Sorimachi, K., Ohmori, Y., Matsukawa, T., Yokoyama, K. and Ohhira, S. Insulin-like effects of Mt. Fuji subsoil water which contains vanadium on cultured cells: Insight from Japan. Curr. Trad. Med. 2017;3:178-189.
Sorimachi, K., Ohhira, S. Insulin-like effects of vanadium pentoxide (V2O5) o glucose consumption in primary human fibroblasts. J Anal Pherm Res. 2017;5(4):00150.
Sorimachi K. Direct evidence for glucose consumption acceleration by carbonates in cultured cells. Int J Pharma Phytopharm Res. 2019;9(3):1-5.
Yasumura Y. and Kawakita Y. Studies on SV40 in tissue culture: Preliminary step for cancer research in vitro. (In Japanese), Nihon Ryinsho. 1963;21:1201-15.
Oyamada Y, Oyamada M, Fusco A, Yamasaki H. Aberrant expression, function and localization of connexins in human esophageal carcinoma cell lines with different degrees of tumorigenicity. J Cancer Res Clin Onco. 1994;120:445-53.
Chen L, Teng H, Cao H. Chlorogenic acid and caffeic acid from Sonchus oleraceus Linn synergistically attenuate insulin resistance and modulate glucose uptake in HepG2 cell. Food Chem Toxicol. 2019;127:182-187.
Eagle H. The growth requirements of two mammalian cell lines in tissue culture. Trans Assoc Am Physicians. 1955;68:78-81.
Yasumura Y, Niwa A, Yamamoto K. Phenotipic requirement for glutamine of kidney cells and for glutamine and arginine of liver cells in culture. In Nutritional Requirements of Cultured Cells. Katsuta, H. ed. Japan Scientific Society Press Tokyo, and University Park Press, Baltimore. 1978;223-255.
Sato G, Hayashi I. The replacement of serum by hormones in cell culture media. Arch Biol Med Exp (Santiago). 1976;10(1-3):120-1.
Barnes D, Sato G. Growth of a human mammary tumour cell line in a serum-free medium. Nature. 1979;281(5730):388-9.
Eagle H. Nutrition needs of mammalian cells in tissue culture. Science. 1959;122(3168):501-14.
Eagle H. Amino acid metabolism in mammalian cell cultures. Science. 1959;130(3373):432-7.
Fisher GA., Sartorelli AC. Development, maintenance and assay of drug resistance. Methods Med Res. 1964;10:247-62.
Ham RG. Clonal growth of mammalian cells in a chemically defined medium. Proc Nat Acad Sci USA. 1965;53:288-93.
Moor GE, Gerner RE, Franklin HA. Culture of normal human leukocytes. J Amer Med Assn. 1967;199(8):519-24.
Katsuta H, Takaoka T. Improved synthetic media suitable for tissue cllture of various mammalian cells. Methods Cell Biol. 1976;14:145-58.
Dulbeccor R., Freeman G. Plaque production by the polyoma virus. Virology. 1959; 8(3):396-7.
Shin SI, Yasumura Y., Sato GH. Studies on interstitial cells in tissue culture. II. Steroid biosynthesis by a clonal line of rat testicular interstitial cells. Endocrinology.1968;82(3):614-6.
Yasumura, Y. Retention of differentiated function in clonal animal cell lines, particularly hormone-secreting cultures. Am Zool. 1968;8(2):285-305.
Chambaud I, et al. The complete genome sequence of the murine respiratory pathogen Mycoplasma pulmonis. Nucleic Acids Research. 2001;29(10): 2145–53.
Glass JI, et al. The complete sequence of the mucosal pathogen Ureaplasma urealyticum. Nature. 2000;407(6805):757-62.
International Human Genome Sequencing Consortium. Initial sequencing and analysis of the human genome. Nature 2001;409:860–921.
Venter JC., et al. The sequence of the human genome. Science. 2001;291(5507):1304-51.
Andersson, S.G. et al. The genome sequence of Rickettsia prowazekii and the origin of mitochondria. Nature 1998; 396: 133-140.
Thrash, J.C. et al. Phylogenomic evidence for a common ancestor of mitochondria and the SAR11 clade. Sci Rep. 2011;1:13.
Sorimachi K, Okayasu T, Ohhira S. Normalization of Complete Genome Characteristics: Application to Evolution from Primitive Organisms to Homo sapiens. Curr Genomics. 2015;16(2):99-106.
Sorimachi K, Okayasu T. Classification of eubacteria based on their complete genomes: where Mycoplasmataceae belong? Proc R Soc Lond (Suppl). 2004;271:S127-S130.
Sorimachi K, Okayasu T. Phylogenetic tree construction based on amino acid composition and nucleotide content of complete vertebrate mitochondrial genomes. IOSR J Pharm. 20013;3:51-60.
Sorimachi K. Origine of life in the ocean: direct derivation of mitochondria from primitive organisms based on complete genomes. Cur Chem Biol. 2015;9:23-35.
Rundner R, Karkas JD, Chargaff E. Separation of B. subtilis DNA into complementary strands. 3. Direct analysis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1968;60:921-922.
Sorimachi K. The most primitive extant ancestor of organisms and discovery of definitive evolutionary equations based on complete genome structures. Natl Sci. 2018; 10 (9): 338-369.
King N. et al. The genome of the choanoflagellates Monosiga brevicollis and the origin of metazoans. Nature 2008; 451: 783-788.
Sorimachi K., Niwa A., Yasumura Y. “Blocking” and “trapping” effects of concanavalin A on insulin binding in various cell lines. Dokkyo J Med Sci. 1984;11:11-17.
Cuatrecasas P., Tell GPE. Insulin-like activity of concanavalin A and wheat germ agglutin-Direct interaction with insulin receptors. Proc Nat. Acad Sci USA. 1973;70(2):485-489.
Sorimachi K, Okayasu T, Yasumura Y. Increase in insulin binding affinity by chloroquine in cultured rat hepatoma cells. End Res. 1987;13(1):49-60.
Szkudelski T. The mechanism of alloxan and streptozotocin action in B cells of the rat pancreas. Physiol Res. 2001;50:536-546.
Ghasemi A, Khalifi S, Jedi S. Streptototocin-nicotinamde-induced rat model of type 2 diabetes (review). Acta Physiol Hung. 2014;101(4):408-420.
Holland WL, et al. Lipid-induced insulin resistance mediated by the proinflammatory receptor TLR4 requires saturated fatty acid-induced ceramide biosynthesis in mice. J Clin Invest. 2011;121(5):1858-70.
Chechter Y, Karlish SJ. Insulin-like stimulation of glucose oxidation in rat adipocytes by vanadyl (IV) ions. Nature. 1980;284:556-8.
Duckworth WC, Solomon SS, Liepnieks J, Hamel FG, Hand S, Peavy DE.Insulin-like effects of vanadate in isolated rat adipocytes. Endocrinol. 1988;122:2285-9.
Meyerovitch J, Farfel Z, Sack J, Shechter Y. Oral administration of vanadate normalizes blood glucose levels in streptozotocin-treated rats. Characterization and mode of action. J Biol Chem. 1987;262:6658-62.
Heyliger CE, Tahiliani AG, McNeill JH. Effect of vanadate on elevated blood glucose and depressed cardiac performance of diabetic rats. Science. 1985;227:1474-7.
Sakurai H, Tsuchiya K, Nukatsuka M, Sofue M, Kawada J. Insulin-like effect of vanadyl ion on streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. J Endocrinol. 1990;126:451-9.
Thompson KH, Leichter J, McNeill JH. Studies of vanadyl sulfate as a glucose-lowering agent in STZ-diabetic rats. Biochem Biophy Res Comm. 1993;197:1549-55.
Xie M, Gao L, Li L, Liu W, Yan S. A new orally active antidiabetic vanadyl complex--bis(alpha-furancarboxylato)oxovanadium(IV). J Inorg Biochem. 2005;99:546-51.
Pillai SI, Subramanian SP, Kandaswamy M. A novel insulin mimetic vanadium-flavonol complex: synthesis, characterization and in vivo evaluation in STZ-induced rats. Euro J Med Chem. 2013;63:109-17.
Jiang P, Dong Z, Ma B, et al. Effect of Vanadyl Rosiglitazone, a New Insulin-Mimetic Vanadium Complexes, on Glucose Homeostasis of Diabetic Mice. Appl Biochem Biotechnol; 2016. [Epub ahead of print]
Liu Y, Xu J, Guo Y, Xue Y, Wang J, Xue C. Ameliorative effect of vanadyl(IV)-ascorbate complex on high-fat high-sucrose diet-induced hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, and oxidative stress in mice. J Trace Elem Med Biol. 2015;32:155-61.
Poucheret P, Verma S, Grynpas MD, McNeill JH. Vanadium and diabetes. Mol Cell Biochem. 1998;188:73-80.
Shafrir E, Spielman S, Nachliel I, Khamaisi M, Bar-On H, Ziv E. Treatment of diabetes with vanadium salts: General overview and amelioration of nutritionally induced diabetes in the Psammomys obesus gerbil. Diabetes Metab Res Rev. 2001;17:55-66.
Rehder D. Perspectives for vanadium in health issues. Fut Med Chem. 2016;8:325-38.
Kibiti M, Afolayan AJ. The Biochemical Role of Macro and Micro-Minerals in the Management of Diabetes Mellitus and its Associated Complications: A Review. Int J Vit Nut Res. 2015;85: 88-103.
Gruzewska K, Michno A, PawelczykT, Bielarczyk H. Essentiality and toxicity of vanadium supplements in health and pathology. J Physiol Pharmaco. 2014;65:603-11.
Huyer G, Liu S, Kelly J, et al. Mechanism of inhibition of protein-tyrosine phosphatases by vanadate and pervanadate. J Biol Chem. 1997;272:843-51.
Kitsuta T, Attractive vanadium water in decrease in blood glucose concentration (in Japanese). In Good Blood Condition with Vanadium Water. Tokyo: An extra number of Takarajima (Vol. 1054) 2004;12-22.
Sorimachi, K., Ohmori, Y., Matsukawa, T., Yokoyama, K. and Ohhira, S. Insulin-like effects of Mt. Fuji subsoil water which contains vanadium on cultured cells: Insight from Japan. Curr. Trad. Med. 2017;3:178-189.
Sorimachi, K., Ohhira, S. Insulin-like effects of vanadium pentoxide (V2O5) o glucose consumption in primary human fibroblasts. J Anal Pherm Res. 2017;5(4):00150.
Sorimachi K. Direct evidence for glucose consumption acceleration by carbonates in cultured cells. Int J Pharma Phytopharm Res. 2019;9(3):1-5.
Yasumura Y. and Kawakita Y. Studies on SV40 in tissue culture: Preliminary step for cancer research in vitro. (In Japanese), Nihon Ryinsho. 1963;21:1201-15.
Oyamada Y, Oyamada M, Fusco A, Yamasaki H. Aberrant expression, function and localization of connexins in human esophageal carcinoma cell lines with different degrees of tumorigenicity. J Cancer Res Clin Onco. 1994;120:445-53.
Chen L, Teng H, Cao H. Chlorogenic acid and caffeic acid from Sonchus oleraceus Linn synergistically attenuate insulin resistance and modulate glucose uptake in HepG2 cell. Food Chem Toxicol. 2019;127:182-187.
Eagle H. The growth requirements of two mammalian cell lines in tissue culture. Trans Assoc Am Physicians. 1955;68:78-81.
Yasumura Y, Niwa A, Yamamoto K. Phenotipic requirement for glutamine of kidney cells and for glutamine and arginine of liver cells in culture. In Nutritional Requirements of Cultured Cells. Katsuta, H. ed. Japan Scientific Society Press Tokyo, and University Park Press, Baltimore. 1978;223-255.
Sato G, Hayashi I. The replacement of serum by hormones in cell culture media. Arch Biol Med Exp (Santiago). 1976;10(1-3):120-1.
Barnes D, Sato G. Growth of a human mammary tumour cell line in a serum-free medium. Nature. 1979;281(5730):388-9.
Eagle H. Nutrition needs of mammalian cells in tissue culture. Science. 1959;122(3168):501-14.
Eagle H. Amino acid metabolism in mammalian cell cultures. Science. 1959;130(3373):432-7.
Fisher GA., Sartorelli AC. Development, maintenance and assay of drug resistance. Methods Med Res. 1964;10:247-62.
Ham RG. Clonal growth of mammalian cells in a chemically defined medium. Proc Nat Acad Sci USA. 1965;53:288-93.
Moor GE, Gerner RE, Franklin HA. Culture of normal human leukocytes. J Amer Med Assn. 1967;199(8):519-24.
Katsuta H, Takaoka T. Improved synthetic media suitable for tissue cllture of various mammalian cells. Methods Cell Biol. 1976;14:145-58.
Dulbeccor R., Freeman G. Plaque production by the polyoma virus. Virology. 1959; 8(3):396-7.
Shin SI, Yasumura Y., Sato GH. Studies on interstitial cells in tissue culture. II. Steroid biosynthesis by a clonal line of rat testicular interstitial cells. Endocrinology.1968;82(3):614-6.
Yasumura, Y. Retention of differentiated function in clonal animal cell lines, particularly hormone-secreting cultures. Am Zool. 1968;8(2):285-305.
Chambaud I, et al. The complete genome sequence of the murine respiratory pathogen Mycoplasma pulmonis. Nucleic Acids Research. 2001;29(10): 2145–53.
Glass JI, et al. The complete sequence of the mucosal pathogen Ureaplasma urealyticum. Nature. 2000;407(6805):757-62.
International Human Genome Sequencing Consortium. Initial sequencing and analysis of the human genome. Nature 2001;409:860–921.
Venter JC., et al. The sequence of the human genome. Science. 2001;291(5507):1304-51.
Andersson, S.G. et al. The genome sequence of Rickettsia prowazekii and the origin of mitochondria. Nature 1998; 396: 133-140.
Thrash, J.C. et al. Phylogenomic evidence for a common ancestor of mitochondria and the SAR11 clade. Sci Rep. 2011;1:13.
Sorimachi K, Okayasu T, Ohhira S. Normalization of Complete Genome Characteristics: Application to Evolution from Primitive Organisms to Homo sapiens. Curr Genomics. 2015;16(2):99-106.
Sorimachi K, Okayasu T. Classification of eubacteria based on their complete genomes: where Mycoplasmataceae belong? Proc R Soc Lond (Suppl). 2004;271:S127-S130.
Sorimachi K, Okayasu T. Phylogenetic tree construction based on amino acid composition and nucleotide content of complete vertebrate mitochondrial genomes. IOSR J Pharm. 20013;3:51-60.
Sorimachi K. Origine of life in the ocean: direct derivation of mitochondria from primitive organisms based on complete genomes. Cur Chem Biol. 2015;9:23-35.
Rundner R, Karkas JD, Chargaff E. Separation of B. subtilis DNA into complementary strands. 3. Direct analysis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1968;60:921-922.
Sorimachi K. The most primitive extant ancestor of organisms and discovery of definitive evolutionary equations based on complete genome structures. Natl Sci. 2018; 10 (9): 338-369.
King N. et al. The genome of the choanoflagellates Monosiga brevicollis and the origin of metazoans. Nature 2008; 451: 783-788.
Sorimachi K., Niwa A., Yasumura Y. “Blocking” and “trapping” effects of concanavalin A on insulin binding in various cell lines. Dokkyo J Med Sci. 1984;11:11-17.
Cuatrecasas P., Tell GPE. Insulin-like activity of concanavalin A and wheat germ agglutin-Direct interaction with insulin receptors. Proc Nat. Acad Sci USA. 1973;70(2):485-489.
Sorimachi K, Okayasu T, Yasumura Y. Increase in insulin binding affinity by chloroquine in cultured rat hepatoma cells. End Res. 1987;13(1):49-60.
Szkudelski T. The mechanism of alloxan and streptozotocin action in B cells of the rat pancreas. Physiol Res. 2001;50:536-546.
Ghasemi A, Khalifi S, Jedi S. Streptototocin-nicotinamde-induced rat model of type 2 diabetes (review). Acta Physiol Hung. 2014;101(4):408-420.
Holland WL, et al. Lipid-induced insulin resistance mediated by the proinflammatory receptor TLR4 requires saturated fatty acid-induced ceramide biosynthesis in mice. J Clin Invest. 2011;121(5):1858-70.
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