Harnessing Potentials and Optimization of Apicultural Education as Pathway for Alleviating Poverty in Southern Nigeria
Annual Research & Review in Biology,
Page 64-75
DOI:
10.9734/arrb/2022/v37i1130550
Abstract
The role of apicultural education as a catalyst for reducing rural poverty among bee farmers was investigated in Ini Local Government Area of Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. The survey research design was used in achieving this. To adequately and appropriately execute the project, some objectives were formulated. From these objectives, research questions were generated and hypotheses formulated accordingly to guide data gathering and analysis. The instrument for data gathering was a four point close ended questionnaire from which 150 bee farmers and 50 extension agents were selected to respond to items in the questionnaire using the census approach. Data collected from their responses were subjected to two forms of descriptive analysis. The first was percentage descriptive analysis which was used to x-ray the biodata. Second, mean and standard deviation were used to treat the research questions. The third method used is the independent t-test on the three man hypothesis of the study. The result of the analysis warranted the rejection of the three null hypothesis tested at 0.05 level of significance with 198 degrees of freedom using 1.96 as the critical f value. The results showed that 98 percent of bee farmers who had received apicultural education through extension services produced had more honey yield due to increase awareness on modern bee keeping techniques, adequate processing information and marketing strategies which invariably increased their income. Based on the findings made in this research, it was concluded by that giving the farmers and rural dwellers apicultural education such as training them on how to construct apicultural equipment, producing of honey, producing and processing of bee wax into other products such as polish, candles etc. will enhance their performance in bee farming and thus alleviate their poverty.
Keywords:
- Apicultural education
- honey production
- poverty
- reduction
- rural farmers
How to Cite
Onabe, M. B., Edet, A. E., & Ubi, G. M. (2022). Harnessing Potentials and Optimization of Apicultural Education as Pathway for Alleviating Poverty in Southern Nigeria. Annual Research & Review in Biology, 37(11), 64-75. https://doi.org/10.9734/arrb/2022/v37i1130550
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Retrieved online via [cited on Aug 3, 2017].
Available:http://cgspace.cgiar.cg/bitstrecomhandle/10568/480/apiculture
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Available:http://www.beekeeping.com/article/us/smallbeekeeping.
Albert V. Health benefit of honey. Enugu: Beloney International Publishers; 2012.
TimilNadu. Transforming the lives of farmer through apiculture: harvesting and processing of bee products. Retrieved online via; 2008
[Cited on Aug 3, 2017].
Available:http://www.timilnadu/agricultureagritechportal.net
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Mugan P. Farmers definition. Retrieved online via; 2010. Wikipedia.
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Available:http://www.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/agriculture
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Available:http://www.census.org/population/census/data/urdef.txtUSAID
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Available:http://www.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ruralarea
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Available:http://www.arcjournals.org/sijhssec.pdf
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Available:http://www.povertyalleviation.org
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Retrieved online via [cited on Nov 10, 2017].
Available:http://www.tunadobas.org/upload/beekeeping-manual/pdf
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Onabe M, Aboh C, Ndifon H. Apiculture extension education manual; 2016.
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Available:http://www.gjournals.org/GJMBS.publication/2016/october/pdf
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Available:http://www.bushfarm.com/beesferahtm/pdf
Sharma K. Handbook of agriculture. India: directorate of information & publication of agriculture; 2010.
Stefan B. Bee wax, production, properties, composition and control. Retrieved online via; 2016.
viewdoc/pdf on the 23rd of October 2017.
Available:http://www.citesecrx.ist.psu.edu
African organic training manual. Organic beekeeping. Retrieved online via. Oncol ther 9th of October, 2017. Available from: http://www.organic-africa.net [Chapter]-10-low/pdf; 2011.
Agbo P. Development of a training programme in bee keeping for poverty alleviation of rural farmers in Enugu East agricultural zone of Enugu State. Retrieved online via; 2015.
[Cited on Aug 27, 2017].
Available:http://www.repository.unn.edu.ng/pdf
Agrolod A. Honey production technology. Beekeeping training manual. Retrieved online via; 2008.
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Available:http://www.fspublishers.org
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[Cited on Nov 13, 2017].
Available:http://www.extension.uuh.edu/resource/files/pdf
Chaippa M. Bee hive construction and bee keeping skill training. Retrieved online via; 2016.
bee-hive-construct-beekeeping-skills-training/pdf on the 10th of November 2017.
Available:http://www.octa-light.era.10
National Apiculture Development Organization. How to keep bees and process honey. Retrieved online via. p. 013-beekeeping; 2007. pdf on the 19th of November 2017.
Available:http://www.teca.fao.org
Chandler P. The barefoot Beekeeper. how to start feekeeping for Free. Retrieved online via; 2013.
[Cited on Nov 19, 2017].
Available:http://www.biobees.com/howtostartbeekeeping/pdf
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[Cited on Nov 10, 2017].
Available:http://www.researchgate.net/publication/pdf
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[Cited on Oct 28, 2017].
Available:http://www.amazon.com/practical-manual-beekeeping-potential/dp/pdf
Detroy B. Types of hives and hive equipment. Retrieved online via; 2017.
[Cited on Nov 12, 2017].
Available:http://www.beesource.com/resources/usda/types-of-hives-and-hives-equipment
Asuquo P, Inaja A, David E, Bassey P. Historical foundations of Education in Nigeria. Calabar: University of Calabar Press; 2005.
Asuquo P, Joshua M. Education and environmental change. Calabar: NIRS; 2015.
Dustman. Honey production I. Retrieved online via; 2017.
[Cited on Nov 20, 2017].
Available:http://www.agriculturenigeria.com/farming-production/apiculture/pdf
Eric C, Harry H, Robbin W, Norman E, Leen H. Beekeeping in California Santa Clara Valley. Beekeeper Guild. Retrieved online via; 2002.
[Cited on Nov 23, 2017].
Available:http://www.beeguild.org.pdf
Grand View research. Bee wax market analysis, market size, application analysis, regional outlook, competitive strategies and forecasts. Retrieved online via; 2017.
[Cited on Nov 29, 2017].
Available:http://www.grandviewresearch.com/industry-analysis/beewax-market/pdf
Idris M. The barefoot bee keeping: how to start bee keeping fro free. Kaduna: Biggies Publishing Co; 2005.
Williams M. The perfect bee introduction to learning bee keeping. Retrieved online via; 2016.
[Cited on Nov 12, 2017].
Available:http://www.perfectbee.com/learn-about-bees/learning-beekeeping-intro
Juciouis M. Personal management. Retrieved online via; 2002.
[Cited on Aug 27, 2017].
Available:http://www.foo.org.docrp/pdf
Kangara A, Butele C, Onzoma A, Kota A. The national beekeeping extension manual. Retrieved online via; 2012.
Available from: http://www.Retrieved online via [cited on Nov 10, 2017] [cited on Nov 10, 2017].
Available from: http://www.nationbeeunit.com/pdf
Leven L, Boot J, Mutsaers M, Segeren P, Velthius H. Beekeeping in the tropics. Retrieved online via; 2005.
[Cited on Oct 6, 2017].
Available:http://www.publications.cta.int/media/publications/downloads/1289_pdf
Malachi B. How to make Zambia honeybee. Zambia: Apimondia Congress; 2005.
Marris G, Gregory P. Training manual for beekeeping in developing countries. Retrieved online via; 2010. [Cited on Nov 10, 2017]. Available:http://www.nationbeeunit.com/pdf
Singh N, Yadav VP, Raina V, Chand R. Training needs of Bee keepers in Haryana. Indian Research Journal of Extension Education. 2016 Jan 16;11(21):66-9.
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