Ethnobotanical Survey, Physiochemical Composition and Preliminary Cytotoxic Evaluation of some Medicinal Plants with Anticancer Potential from Certain Areas in South-West Nigeria
Annual Research & Review in Biology,
Page 27-42
DOI:
10.9734/arrb/2023/v38i130566
Abstract
Aims: Medicinal plants used by traditional medical practitioners (TMP) to treat cancers are considered safe when used alone or combined with conventional therapy to ensure their effectiveness and eliminate the toxic effects of orthodox medicines. Using cytotoxic and antioxidant studies, the study attempted to assess some of the commonly used medicinal plants used to cure cancer among Yoruba people in Ogun, Oyo, Osun, and Lagos (South-West, Nigeria).
Study Design: Samples of commonly utilized anticancer plants obtained from the chosen areas using physical and virtual oral seminars were studied for physiochemical composition and a possible antioxidant and cytotoxic potential to validate the basis for the use of the selected anticancer plants.
Methodology: Online academic literature searches were done on the cited plants to identify the already-exploited anticancer plants. The ethanolic extracts of the plant were examined for the presence of bioactive components and their total flavonoid content, with focusing on quercetin detection using thin layer bioautography (TLB) and brine shrimp lethality assay (BSLA) for cytotoxicity. In comparison to quercetin and ascorbic acid, the scavenging of superoxide radical (SOR), hydrogen peroxide, and 2, 2-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical activity by a model (most biologically active) of the anticancer plant was also evaluated.
Results: There were only twelve anticancer species that were not used in related studies: Lannea egregia, Ficus exasperate, Croton zambesicus, Tetrapleurai tetraptera, Terminalia catappa, Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides, Plumbago zelanica, Hilleria latifolia, Bryophyllum pinntum, Chromolena odorata, Brysocarpus coccineus and Spondias mombin. The anticancer plants contained bioactive and mineral substances like saponins, protein, lipids, magnesium, calcium, iron, zinc, and a decreased Na/K concentration. The plants had a fair amount of flavonoids and variable levels of cytotoxicity. L. egeregia was regarded as the prototype of the anticancer species due to its profound flavonoid concentration (85.40 µg/mL) and cytotoxicity (9.46 µg/mL) compared to other extracts. The TLB also demonstrated the presence of quercetin, with a dose-dependent antioxidant property. The anticancer model's overall antioxidant activity (34.72 µg/mL) was slightly lower than quercetin (30.44 µg/mL) but higher than ascorbic acid (41.68 µg/mL).
Conclusion: The results support the traditional use of anticancer species as nutritional and dietary supplements, whose bioactive compounds are relevant in managing cancer patients. The plant’s bioactive principles need to be characterized in future research.
Keywords:
- Medicinal plants
- cancer
- antioxidant
- flavonoid extract
- conventional
How to Cite
Ogundare, O. C., Adedosu, O. T., Afolabi, O. K., Adeleke, G. E., Akinboro, T., Daniel, A. A., Akoro, S. M., & Oludare, V. I. (2023). Ethnobotanical Survey, Physiochemical Composition and Preliminary Cytotoxic Evaluation of some Medicinal Plants with Anticancer Potential from Certain Areas in South-West Nigeria. Annual Research & Review in Biology, 38(1), 27-42. https://doi.org/10.9734/arrb/2023/v38i130566
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Fernandes JM, Cunha LM, Azevedo EP, Lourenço EM, Fernandes-Pedrosa MF, Zucolotto SM. Kalanchoe laciniata and bryophyllum pinnatum: An updated review about ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, pharmacology and toxicology. Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia. 2019;29:529-58.
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Bijnsdorp IV, Peters GJ, Temmink OH, Fukushima M, Kruyt FA. Differential activation of cell death and autophagy results in an increased cytotoxic potential for trifluorothymidine compared to 5‐fluorouracil in colon cancer cells. International journal of cancer. 2010;126(10):2457-68.
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Sarah QS, Anny FC, Misbahuddin M. Brine shrimp lethality assay. Bangladesh J Pharmacol. 2017;12(2):186-9.
Popović Z, Matić R, Bojović S, Stefanović M, Vidaković V. Ethnobotany and herbal medicine in modern complementary and alternative medicine: An overview of publications in the field of i&c medicine 2001–2013. Journal of ethnopharmacology. 2016;181:182-92.
Adebayo IA, Arsad H, Samian MR. Antiproliferative effect on breast cancer (mcf7) of moringa oleifera seed extracts. African Journal of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicines. 2017;14(2):282-7.
Jude CI, Catherine CI, Ngozi MI. Chemical profile of tridax procumbens linn. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition. 2009;8(5):548-50.
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Kokate C. Practical pharmacognosy-4th reprinted edition. New Delhi, Vallabh Prakasan. 1999;107:124.
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John B, Sulaiman C, George S, Reddy V. Total phenolics and flavonoids in selected medicinal plants from kerala. International journal of pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences. 2014;6(1):406-8.
Abbott WS. A method of computing the effectiveness of an insecticide. J econ Entomol. 1925;18(2):265-7.
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Jesionek W, Majer-Dziedzic B, Choma IM. Separation, identification, and investigation of antioxidant ability of plant extract components using TLC, LC–MS, AND TLC–DPPH•. Journal of liquid chromatography & related technologies. 2015;38(11):1147-53.
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Dehpour AA, Ebrahimzadeh MA, Fazel NS, Mohammad NS. Antioxidant activity of the methanol extract of Ferula assafoetida and its essential oil composition. Grasas y aceites. 2009;60(4):405-12.
Ruch RJ, Cheng S-j, Klaunig JE. Prevention of cytotoxicity and inhibition of intercellular communication by antioxidant catechins isolated from Chinese green tea. Carcinogenesis. 1989;10(6): 1003-8.
Adedosu OT, Oyedeji AT, Iwaku T, Ehigie AF, Olorunsogo OO. Hepatoprotective activity and inhibitory effect of flavonoid–rich extract of Brysocarpus coccineus leaves on mitochondrial membrane permeability transition pore. Asian Journal of Natural & Applied Sciences. 2014;3(3):92-100.
Fitsiou E, Pappa A. Anticancer activity of essential oils and other extracts from aromatic plants grown in greece. Antioxidants. 2019;8(8):290.
Segun PA, Ogbole OO, Ajaiyeoba EO. Medicinal plants used in the management of cancer among the ijebus of South-western Nigeria. Journal of herbal medicine. 2018;14:68-75.
Kuete V, Tchinda CF, Mambe FT, Beng VP, Efferth T. Cytotoxicity of methanol extracts of 10 Cameroonian medicinal plants towards multi-factorial drug-resistant cancer cell lines. BMC complementary and alternative medicine. 2016;16(1):1-12.
Maroyi A. Evaluation of pharmacological properties, phytochemistry and medicinal uses of Cissampelos owariensis. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. 2021;14(6):3416-22.
Rivera D, Allkin R, Obón C, Alcaraz F, Verpoorte R, Heinrich M. What is in a name? The need for accurate scientific nomenclature for plants. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 2014;152(3):393-402.
Farooq A, Amjad MS, Ahmad K, Altaf M, Umair M, Abbasi AM. Ethnomedicinal knowledge of the rural communities of dhirkot, azad jammu and kashmir, pakistan. Journal of ethnobiology and ethnomedicine. 2019;15(1):1-30.
Majolo F, Delwing LKdOB, Marmitt DJ, Bustamante-Filho IC, Goettert MI. Medicinal plants and bioactive natural compounds for cancer treatment: Important advances for drug discovery. Phytochemistry Letters. 2019;31:196-207.
Hossain MS, Uddin MS, Moniruzzaman M, Asaduzzaman M. Comparative study of cytotoxic potential and phytochemical screening of Xanthosoma sagittifolium rhizome and Syngonium podophylam leaf. J Med Plant Res. 2015;3(3):43-6.
Usunomena U, Paulinus ON. Phytochemical analysis and mineral composition of Annona muricata leaves. Magnesium. 2016;9619:801.
Akinpelu B, Igbeneghu O, Awotunde A, Iwalewa E, Oyedapo O. Antioxidant and antibacterial activities of saponin fractions of erythropheleum suaveolens (guill. And perri.) stem bark extract. Scientific Research and Essays. 2014;9(18):826-33.
Imran M, Rauf A, Abu-Izneid T, Nadeem M, Shariati MA, Khan IA, et al. Luteolin, a flavonoid, as an anticancer agent: A review. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy. 2019;112:108612.
Xu L, Zhang P-P, Fang X-Q, Liu Y, Wang J-Q, Zhou H-Z, et al. A ruthenium (ii) complex containing a p-cresol group induces apoptosis in human cervical carcinoma cells through endoplasmic reticulum stress and reactive oxygen species production. Journal of Inorganic Biochemistry. 2019;191:126-34.
Hamid HA, Ramli AN, Yusoff MM. Indole alkaloids from plants as potential leads for antidepressant drugs: A mini review. Frontiers in pharmacology. 2017;8:96.
Shoaib M, Shah SWA, Ali N, Shah I, Ullah S, Ghias M, et al. Scientific investigation of crude alkaloids from medicinal plants for the management of pain. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2016;16(1):1-8.
Dhar G, Akther S, Sultana A, May U, Islam MM, Dhali M, et al. Effect of extraction solvents on phenolic contents and antioxidant capacities of Artocarpus chaplasha and Carissa carandas fruits from bangladesh. Journal of Applied Biology and Biotechnology. 2017;5(3):0-4.
Oliveira Chaves J, Corrêa de Souza M, Capelasso da Silva L, Lachos-Perez D, Torres-Mayanga PC, da Fonseca Machado AP, et al. Extraction of flavonoids from natural sources using modern techniques. 2020.
Truong D-H, Nguyen DH, Ta NTA, Bui AV, Do TH, Nguyen HC. Evaluation of the use of different solvents for phytochemical constituents, antioxidants, and in vitro anti-inflammatory activities of Severinia buxifolia. Journal of food quality. 2019;2019.
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