Composition, Diversity, and Value of Ecological Importance in Andean Grassland Ecosystems according to the Altitudinal Gradient in the Huacracocha Micro-Watershed, Peru
Annual Research & Review in Biology,
Page 43-56
DOI:
10.9734/arrb/2023/v38i530587
Abstract
Aims: determine the composition and floristic diversity, the similarity between sites based on the distribution of species in the altitudinal gradient, and determine the value of ecological importance, in Andean grassland ecosystems.
Study Design: Original research.
Place and Duration of Study: This study took place in the Huacracocha micro-watershed in the Central Highlands of Peru, during the rainy season (January - March 2022).
Methodology: The agrostological evaluation points were determined taking into account twelve sites of interest were determined, located from the lowest part of the micro-watershed (4091.8 masl) to the part with the highest vegetation cover (4512.27 masl), the agrostological reading process at each evaluation site was carried out using the radial transect method with the line and intercept point technique.
Results: We observed the presence of the presence of 78 vascular species, included in 51 genus and 21 families, was found. The dominance of certain species characterized the type of grassland vegetation, and at least 3 species determined the similarity between sites. The alpha diversity index was low, and the value of ecological importance ranged between 0.0062 and 0.2194.
Conclusion: It was concluded that the Andean grassland ecosystems are constituted by a complex community of grasslands based on numerous floristic families, genus, and species, likewise, the dominance of species among the shared sites characterizes the vegetation type, and the diversity index and the IVI determine the complex structural characteristics with great biodiversity.
Keywords:
- Andean grassland
- ecological importance
- floristic diversity
- site similarity
How to Cite
Yaranga, R. M., Pizarro, S. E., Cano, D., Chanamé, F. C., & Orellana, J. A. (2023). Composition, Diversity, and Value of Ecological Importance in Andean Grassland Ecosystems according to the Altitudinal Gradient in the Huacracocha Micro-Watershed, Peru. Annual Research & Review in Biology, 38(5), 43-56. https://doi.org/10.9734/arrb/2023/v38i530587
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Tiscornia G, M Juarena and W Baethgen. Drivers, Process, and Consequences of Native Grassland Degradation: Insights from a Literature Review and a Survey in Río de la Plata Grasslands. Agronomy. 2019; (9) 239;
DOI: 10.3390/agronomy9050239
Guo Tong. Grazing Exclusion Effects on the Relationship between Species Richness and Vegetation Cover in Mongolian Grasslands. Polish Journal of Ecology, 2020; 68(3), ISSN 1505-2249, Museum and Institute of Zoology at the Polish Academy of Sciences, https://doi.org/10.3161/15052249pje2020.68.3.003
Zhao Y & Y Tian. Effect of grazing on photosynthetic carbon allocation in a temperate grassland., Copernicus GmbH, 2020;https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-6814
Bonavent C, K Olsen, R Ejrnæs, C Fløjgaard, MD Hansen, S Normand, JC Svenning & HH Bruun. Grazing by semi-feral cattle and horses supports plant species richness and uniqueness in grasslands., Authorea, Inc., 2022; https://doi.org/10.22541/au.166723085.56550911/v1
Grasel D, ELH Giehl, F Wittmann & J Jarenkow. Patrones de diversidad y composición de plantas en humedales a lo largo de un paisaje subtropical: comparaciones entre estanques, riberas de arroyos y riberas de ríos. Wetlandss 2021; 41, 90 . https://doi.org/10.1007/s13157-021-01487-6
Lynch JP. Edaphic stress interactions: Important yet poorly understood drivers of plant production in future climates. Field Crops Research, 2022; 283, 108547.
Magurran, Anne e. Measuring biological diversity. Blackwell Publiching Company, 2005; pp: 70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2022.108547
Mosquera VB, JA Delgado, JR Alwang, LE López, YC Ayala, JD Andrade & R D'Adamo. Conservation agriculture increases yields and economic returns of potato, forage, and grain systems of the Andes. Agronomy Journal, 2019; 111(6), 2747-2753. https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2019.04.0280
Tovar O. Las gramíneas (Poaceae) del Perú. RUIZIA, 1993; tomo 13, Madrid, pp: 481
Navarro G, F Luebert & JA Molina.South American terrestrial biomes as geocomplexes: a geobotanical landscape approach. Vegetation Classification and Survey.2023; 4: 75-114.
Available:https://doi.org/10.3897/VCS.96710., Pensoft Publishers,
Available:https://doi.org/10.3897/vcs.96710.figure4
Giorgis M, Cincolani A, Gurvich D. Changes in floristic composition and physiognomy are decoupled along elevation gradients in central Argentina, Applied Vegetation Science, 2017; 20(4), 558-571.
Available:https://doi.org/10.1111/avsc.12324
Moreno C, F Barrgan, E Pineda y N Pavon. Reanálisis de la diversidad alfa: alternativas para interpretar y comparar información sobre comunidades ecológicas. Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad, 2011; 82: 1249-1261.
Kuťáková E, Mészárošová L, Baldrian P, Münzbergová Z, Herben T. Author response for "Plant–soil feedbacks in a diverse grassland: Soil remembers, but not too much"., Wiley. 2023;
Available:https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.14104/v3/response1
Rodrigo-Comino 2019
Henderson PA. Species Richness, Diversity, and Packing. Southwood's Ecological Methods, 2021;384-429,OxfordUniversityPress,. Available:https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198862277.003.0013
Cabrera-Amaya DM. Richness, floristic composition and structure of wild vegetation in the rural area of the basins of the Yomasa and Fucha creeks, Bogota, Colombia. Journal of the Colombian Academy of Exact, Physical and Natural Sciences. 2021;45(176):761-776.
Kaufmann I, Fieldman S and Sacido M. Effects of grazing on floristic richness, biomass and cover of a safflower pastureland, Argentina. Polytechnic Journal (Print Online), 2019;15(29): 95-107.
DOI: 10.33571/rpolitec.v15n29a8.
Benítez B, M Vera, C Vogt, CP Sühsner, & Floristic diversity in pastures of the Reserve for San Rafael National Park, Paraguay. Scientific journals.un; 2021. Available:https://scientific.journals.un.index.php/stevia/article/view/2
Bellocchi G. & C Picon-Cochard. Effects of Climate Change on Grassland Biodiversity and Productivity. Agronomy. 2021;11(6), 1047;
Sardi A, AM Towers & G Broker. Floristic diversity in a rural landscape of the Cali Farallones piedmont, Colombia. Forest Colombia, sky.org.co,2018; Available:http://www.sky.org.co/sky.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0120-07392018000200142
Yaranga R, Custodio M, Chaname F, & Floristic diversity of pastures according to vegetation formation in the Shullcas River subbasin, Junín, Peru. Scientia. 2018;9(4):511-5
DOI: 10.17268/agriculturalscience.2018.04.06 [PubMed]
Davydov, DA, Gomlya, LM. Floristic diversity of steppe territories near Poltava town (Ukraine). Biosystems Diversity. 2020;28(1):81-91. ISSN 2520-2529, Oles Honchar Dnipropetrovsk National University,
Available: https://doi.org/10.15421/012012
Ullah H, Mulk KS, Mariusz J, Ullah SZ, Ali I, Ahmad Z, Badshah H. Scientific Reports. 2022;12(1): 20973.
Available: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-21097-4
Baeza S, Paruel J & Ayala W. Radiation use efficiency and primary productivity in forage resources of eastern Uruguay. Agroscience Uruguay. 2011;15(2):48–59. Available:http://www.sky.edu.uy/sky.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S2301-15482011000200006&lng=pt&tlng=en
Ministry of Environment MINAM. Wild flora assessment guide. Deputy Ministry of Strategic Development of Natural Resources, 2010; Lima,
Mustard F, T Fredericksen. Handbook of basic methods of sampling and analysis in plant ecology. Sustainable forest management project (BOLFOR), Santa Cruz Bolivia. 2000;87.
Petermann J. Buzhdygan O. Grassland biodiversity. Current Biology. 2021; 31(19): r1195-r1201. Available: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2021.06.060
Montesinos-Tubee DB, Sýkora KV, Quipuscoa-Silvestre V and, Cleef AM. Species composition and phytosociology of xerophytic plant communities after extreme rainfall in South Peru, Phytocoenologia.2021;45 (3):203-250.
Catorci A, Velasquez J, Maltesta L, and Tardella F. How environment and grazing influence floristic composition of dry Puna in the southern Peruvian Andes. Phytocoenologia. 201;44(1-2): DOI: 10.1127/0340-269X/2014/0044-0577
Fernán Cosme Chanamé-Zapata; María Custodio-Villanueva; Raúl Marino Yaranga-Cano; Rafael Antonio Pantoja-EsquivelChamame et al. Diversity of the riparian vegetation of high Andean wetlands of the Junín region, Peru. Ambiente & Agua. 2019;14(3):2271. Available: https://doi.org/10.4136/ambi-agua.2271
Polk MH, Young KR, Cano A, León B & Peat. Vegetation of Andean wetlands (bofedales) in Huascarán National Park, Peru. Mires and Peat, Volume 2019; 24(1): 1–26. DOI: 10.19189/MaP.2018.SNPG.387
Magurran, A. E. Measuring biological diversity. Current Biology, 2021;31(19), R1174-R1177.
Henderson PA. Species Richness, Diversity, and Packing. Southwood's Ecological Methods. 2021; 384-429, Oxford University Press,
Available:https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198862277.003.0013
Oksanen J, F Guillaume, M Friendly, R Kindt, P Legendre, D McGlinn, P Minchin, R O'Hara, GL Simpson, P Solymos, M Henry, R Stevens, E Szoecs, and H Wagner. Community Ecology Package. Ordination methods, diversity analysis and other functions for community and vegetation ecologists. 2020; repository CRAN. https://cran.r-project.org, https://github.com/vegandevs/vegan
Ferriol, M., & H Merle. Los componentes alfa, beta y gamma de la biodiversidad. Aplicación al estudio de comunidades vegetales. Grupo Intergubernamental De Expertos Sobre El Cambio Climático. 2013;26(6):236. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.262413599
Tiscornia G, M Juarena and W Baethgen. Drivers, Process, and Consequences of Native Grassland Degradation: Insights from a Literature Review and a Survey in Río de la Plata Grasslands. Agronomy. 2019; (9) 239;
DOI: 10.3390/agronomy9050239
Guo Tong. Grazing Exclusion Effects on the Relationship between Species Richness and Vegetation Cover in Mongolian Grasslands. Polish Journal of Ecology, 2020; 68(3), ISSN 1505-2249, Museum and Institute of Zoology at the Polish Academy of Sciences, https://doi.org/10.3161/15052249pje2020.68.3.003
Zhao Y & Y Tian. Effect of grazing on photosynthetic carbon allocation in a temperate grassland., Copernicus GmbH, 2020;https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-6814
Bonavent C, K Olsen, R Ejrnæs, C Fløjgaard, MD Hansen, S Normand, JC Svenning & HH Bruun. Grazing by semi-feral cattle and horses supports plant species richness and uniqueness in grasslands., Authorea, Inc., 2022; https://doi.org/10.22541/au.166723085.56550911/v1
Grasel D, ELH Giehl, F Wittmann & J Jarenkow. Patrones de diversidad y composición de plantas en humedales a lo largo de un paisaje subtropical: comparaciones entre estanques, riberas de arroyos y riberas de ríos. Wetlandss 2021; 41, 90 . https://doi.org/10.1007/s13157-021-01487-6
Lynch JP. Edaphic stress interactions: Important yet poorly understood drivers of plant production in future climates. Field Crops Research, 2022; 283, 108547.
Magurran, Anne e. Measuring biological diversity. Blackwell Publiching Company, 2005; pp: 70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2022.108547
Mosquera VB, JA Delgado, JR Alwang, LE López, YC Ayala, JD Andrade & R D'Adamo. Conservation agriculture increases yields and economic returns of potato, forage, and grain systems of the Andes. Agronomy Journal, 2019; 111(6), 2747-2753. https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2019.04.0280
Tovar O. Las gramíneas (Poaceae) del Perú. RUIZIA, 1993; tomo 13, Madrid, pp: 481
Navarro G, F Luebert & JA Molina.South American terrestrial biomes as geocomplexes: a geobotanical landscape approach. Vegetation Classification and Survey.2023; 4: 75-114.
Available:https://doi.org/10.3897/VCS.96710., Pensoft Publishers,
Available:https://doi.org/10.3897/vcs.96710.figure4
Giorgis M, Cincolani A, Gurvich D. Changes in floristic composition and physiognomy are decoupled along elevation gradients in central Argentina, Applied Vegetation Science, 2017; 20(4), 558-571.
Available:https://doi.org/10.1111/avsc.12324
Moreno C, F Barrgan, E Pineda y N Pavon. Reanálisis de la diversidad alfa: alternativas para interpretar y comparar información sobre comunidades ecológicas. Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad, 2011; 82: 1249-1261.
Kuťáková E, Mészárošová L, Baldrian P, Münzbergová Z, Herben T. Author response for "Plant–soil feedbacks in a diverse grassland: Soil remembers, but not too much"., Wiley. 2023;
Available:https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.14104/v3/response1
Rodrigo-Comino 2019
Henderson PA. Species Richness, Diversity, and Packing. Southwood's Ecological Methods, 2021;384-429,OxfordUniversityPress,. Available:https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198862277.003.0013
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