Phenological, Morphological and Agronomic Characterization of Bambara Groundnut Genotypes on Plinthite Soil in East-centre Area, Burkina Faso
Hervé Nandkangre *
Centre Universitaire de Tenkodogo, Université Thomas SANKARA, 12 BP-417, Ouagadougou-12, Burkina Faso.
Koulibi Fidèle Zongo
Centre Universitaire de Tenkodogo, Université Thomas SANKARA, 12 BP-417, Ouagadougou-12, Burkina Faso.
Diane Judicaëlle Kambou
Département Productions Végétales, Institut de Environnement et de Recherches Agricoles (INERA), 04 BP-8645 Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.
Barkoindé Yannick Ilboudo
Centre Universitaire de Tenkodogo, Université Thomas SANKARA, 12 BP-417, Ouagadougou-12, Burkina Faso.
Moussa N’Golo Konate
Département des Sciences de la Vie et de la Terre, Université Norbert ZONGO, 01 BP-376 Koudougou-01, Burkina Faso.
Adjima Ouoba
Centre Universitaire de Ziniaré, Université Joseph KI-ZERBO, 03 BP-7021 Ouagadougou-03, Burkina Faso.
Aimé Sévérin Kima
Département Gestion des Ressources Naturelles, Institut de l' Environnement et de Recherches Agricoles (INERA), 04 BP-8645 Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.
Hamed Mahamadi Ouedraogo
Unité de Formation et de Recherche - Sciences de la Vie et de Terre, Université Joseph KI-ZERBO, 03 BP-7021 Ouagadougou-03, Burkina Faso.
Ernest Renan Traore
Unité de Formation et de Recherche - Sciences de la Vie et de Terre, Université Joseph KI-ZERBO, 03 BP-7021 Ouagadougou-03, Burkina Faso.
Mahama Ouedraogo
Département Productions Végétales, Institut de Environnement et de Recherches Agricoles (INERA), 04 BP-8645 Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Bambara groundnut has long been a neglected and understudied crop. Thanks to the new orientations for the développement of agriculture and achievement of food security in Burkina Faso, in recent years, studies on Bambara groundnut have experienced renewed interest. Despites nutritional, agronomic and socio-economic importance and some studies carried out on this crop. The diversity within Bambara groundnut cultivated remains poorly understood. The objective of this study was to assess phenological morphological and agronomic characterization of 20 Bambara groundnut accessions from National Institute for the Environment and Agricultural Research (INERA) genebank. The experimental device used was a completely randomized Fisher blocks with four replications on the site of University Centre of Tenkodogo. These accessions were evaluated on 23 morphological characters including four qualitative characters and 19 quantitative characters. Qualitative traits showed high proportion of oval terminal leaflet shape (70%), cream coloured seeds (45%) and 80% presence of eyes of various shapes and colours. The analysis of quantitative characters showed all the characters are discriminating except the plant spread (PlS) at the 5% treshold with regard to morphological, physiological and agronomic traits and low coefficient of variation (CV) values for the different phenological characters, except for the number of days from sowing to 50% plantlet emergence (EMG50). Pearson correlation matrix indicated positive and negative correlation. Most of the negative correlation was observed between phenological and agronomic traits The dendrogram showed organization of the variability in three different groups on the basis of the physiological, phenological and agronomic traits. The variability expressed among INERA gene bank genotypes showed important variability, which can be exploited in Bambara groundnut breeding programs using the clustering and associations of characters.
Keywords: Bambara nut, Burkina Faso, characterization, morphological, phonological, variability