Neuroprotective Properties of NMDA R1 Antagonist (Ketamine) in Cyanide Treated Neurons in vitro
Published: 2012-10-22
Page: 58-65
Issue: 2012 - Volume 2 [Issue 3]
O. M. Ogundele *
Bingham University College of Medicine, Department of Anatomy, PMB 005, Karu, Nigeria.
T. O. Olaniyan
Bingham University College of Medicine, Department of Anatomy, PMB 005, Karu, Nigeria.
B. J. Dare
Bingham University College of Medicine, Department of Anatomy, PMB 005, Karu, Nigeria.
D. R. Omotoso
Igbinedion University, Department of Human Anatomy, Okada, Edo State, Nigeria.
O. D. Omotosho
Bingham University College of Medicine, Department of Anatomy, PMB 005, Karu, Nigeria.
O. C. Akintayo
Bingham University College of Medicine, Department of Physiology, PMB 005, Karu, Nigeria.
A. E. Memudu
Bingham University College of Medicine, Department of Anatomy, PMB 005, Karu, Nigeria.
E. A. Caxton-Martins
University of Ilorin, Department of Human Anatomy, PMB 1515, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Aims: This study aims at investigating possible means of reducing cyanide toxicity by blocking NMDA R1 via ketamine (an NMDA R1 antagonist). This is to provide a template for quick arrest of cyanide toxicity in neurons under oxygen deprived condition.
Place and Duration of Study: Bingham University, Department of Anatomy, Karu, Nigeria. The duration of the study was100 minutes.
Methodology: Freshly harvested cortical tissue blocks were perfused in accessory cerebrospinal fluid (ACSF) containing all the necessary salts and glucose. The cultures were treated with ACSF (Control), ACSF+KCN (potassium cyanide), ACSF+KCN+Ketamine and ACSF+Ketamine for a total duration of 100 minutes at 37ºC.
Results: The Ketamine had a protective and reversal effects on the tissues both for oxygen deprivation and cyanide toxicity, The cells in tissues treated with ACSF+KCN+Ketamine showed normal appearance of cell body and axonal projections, the cells treated with ACSF+Ketamine showed fewer degenerating cells compared to those treated with cyanide.
Conclusion: Ketamine, an NMDA R1 antagonist is neuroprotective against the toxicity of cyanide.
Keywords: Cyanide, ketamine, NMDA R1, neurodegeneration, excitotoxicity.