Exploring Margarine in Anhydrous Milk Fat by Chromatographic Tools
Roya Fathitil *
Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, 5166616471, I.R., Iran.
Javad Hesari
Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, 5166616471, I.R., Iran
Sodeif Azadmard-Damirchi
Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, 5166616471, I.R., Iran.
Mahboob Nemati
Department of Pharmaceutical and Food Control, Faculty of Pharmacy and Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, I.R., Iran
Seyed Hadi Peighambardoust
Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, 5166616471, I.R., Iran.
Mostafa Aghamirzaei
Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, 5166616471, I.R., Iran
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Aims: The analysis of 10 anhydrous milk fat (AMF) samples randomly purchased from Tabriz area was carried out to determine the level of adulteration.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Agriculture (Food Science Labs), Department of Medicine (Central Lab), between April 2010 and October 2011.
Methodology: For adulteration confirmation of the AMF Samples, admixtures of milk fat (MF) with different levels (5, 10 and 15% w/w) of margarine were prepared and analyzed. The authentication was performed employing GC with FID detector and RP-HPLC using fluorescence detector for fatty acid (FA) and tocopherol profiling, respectively.
Results: In market samples, abnormalities in fatty acid profile e.g. significantly high concentration of linoleic acid and low concentration of myristic acid were observed. In addition to high levels of total tocopherol, tocopherols of plant origin like β+γ-tocopherol and β+γ-tocotrienol and a compound X with ambiguous identity were also found in tocopherol profile of abnormal samples.
Conclusion: Thus, AMF adulterations arising from admixing with vegetable oils and fats could be successfully detected by applying HPLC for tocopherol profiling.
Keywords: Adulteration, Anhydrous milk fat, Fatty acid, GC, RP-HPLC, Tocopherol.