Dynamics of Spermatogenesis
V. Divya
Department of Veterinary Biochemistry, Veterinary College, Karnataka Veterinary Animal and Fishery Sciences University (KVAFSU), Hebbal, Bangalore 560 024, India.
V. Girish Kumar
Department of Veterinary Biochemistry, Veterinary College, Karnataka Veterinary Animal and Fishery Sciences University (KVAFSU), Hebbal, Bangalore 560 024, India.
S. Nandi *
National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology (NIANP) Adugodi, Bangalore-560030, India.
S. G. Ramchandra
Central Animal Facility, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, India.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Spermatogenesis is the lengthy and chronological process. Spermatogenesis is characterized by three specific functional phases: spermatocytogenesis, meiosis, and spermiogenesis; and it involves spermatogonia, spermatocytes, and spermatids respectively. Various growth factors play important role in spermatogenesis and up to 178 genes and proteins are being reported which play important role in the process of self renewal and meiosis during spermatogenesis. The duration of spermatogenesis can only be approximated for any species and it has been considered to be about 4.5 times the cycle length of a given species. Various factors play important role in controlling the spermatogenesis like hormones, age, drugs, diet etc among which hormone testosterone elicits an action through hormone response elements, thus altering gene expression. Thus spermatogenesis is a dynamic process with well organized cellular and molecular events resulting in release of large number spermatozoa with ability to continue life on this planet earth.
Keywords: Spermatogenesis, dynamic, mechanisms, control, animals.