Fungal Communities in Roots, Soil Inhabiting Nematodes and Physico-chemical Parameters of Soils in Three Farms of Commercial Strawberry Production in Moulay Bousselham (Morocco)
Abdelmoti Al Batnan
Laboratoire de Botanique, Biotechnologie et Protection des Plantes, Département de Biologie, Faculté des Sciences, BP. 133, Université Ibn Tofail, Kénitra, Morocco.
Najoua Mouden
Laboratoire de Botanique, Biotechnologie et Protection des Plantes, Département de Biologie, Faculté des Sciences, BP. 133, Université Ibn Tofail, Kénitra, Morocco.
Azedine Salim
Laboratoire de Botanique, Biotechnologie et Protection des Plantes, Département de Biologie, Faculté des Sciences, BP. 133, Université Ibn Tofail, Kénitra, Morocco.
Mohamed Chliyeh
Laboratoire de Botanique, Biotechnologie et Protection des Plantes, Département de Biologie, Faculté des Sciences, BP. 133, Université Ibn Tofail, Kénitra, Morocco.
Amina Ouazzani Touhami
Laboratoire de Botanique, Biotechnologie et Protection des Plantes, Département de Biologie, Faculté des Sciences, BP. 133, Université Ibn Tofail, Kénitra, Morocco.
Allal Douira *
Laboratoire de Botanique, Biotechnologie et Protection des Plantes, Département de Biologie, Faculté des Sciences, BP. 133, Université Ibn Tofail, Kénitra, Morocco.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
The study was conducted to determine fungal communities associated to strawberry plant roots, densities of nematodes in fumigated soil and physico-chemical properties of soil in three commercial strawberry plots (Dlalha, Ouled Aguile and Gnafda) located in Gharb region and visited three times during 2013-2014 season. Under a slight variation of soil temperature and humidity with specific physico-chemical characteristics, a high infestation level of soil by nematodes was marked in the studied farms over the periods of sampling. The lowest number was observed in the first visit attaining 1000 units/g of soil, increased to 5000 units/g of soil in the second sampling period at one site and in the last visit, a significant decrease trend occurs for the big plot which the number of nematodes was reduced to 1500 units/g of soil. The analysis of fungal communities colonizing roots of strawberry plants showed the presence of 13 fungal species. Rhizoctonia solani presented a higher frequencies of isolation from roots of Festival variety reaching respectively 36% and 26.72% in the first and the second visits of Dlalha farms compared to those recorded in the second visit of Ouled Aguile (18%) and Gnafda (13.6%) farms. The Fusarium genus was represented by F. solani, Fusarium sp.1 and Fusarium sp.2 detected at frequencies not exceeding 7.08%. Those of C. gloeosporioides reached 12%, Phytophthora sp. (15.8%). In addition, the appearance of A. alternata, C. herbarum, Aspergillus sp., Circinella sp., Ulocladium sp. and Trichoderma asperellum was more frequent during the three sampling periods.
Keywords: Strawberry, nematodes, soil temperature, soil humidity, fungi distribution, root colonization, fumigated soil, Morocco