Quantitative Analysis of Palynomorphs from Neogene Deposits in Calabar Flank: Implication for Paleoenvironmental Interpretation
Itam Asukwo Essien *
Department of Geology, University of Calabar, P.M.B. 1115, Calabar, Nigeria.
Inyang David Okon
Department of Geology, University of Calabar, P.M.B. 1115, Calabar, Nigeria.
Tasie Leslie Bekweri
Department of Geology, University of Calabar, P.M.B. 1115, Calabar, Nigeria.
Akpan Etie Ben
Department of Geology, University of Calabar, P.M.B. 1115, Calabar, Nigeria.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Palynological analysis of outcrops samples of Benin Formation in Southern sector of Calabar Flank, Nigeria yielded sixty seven(67) palynomorphs species, made up of thirty-eight (38) pollen species, sixteen(16) spores species, 2 species of algae with fewer indeterminate dinoflagellate cyst and microforaminiferal wall-linings. The palynological assemblage consists of abundant polyporate (30%), tricolporates (34%), triletes (14%), monolete spores (19%) and dinocyst species and they yieled the following notable palynological taxa: Psilastephanocolporites laevigatus, Retricolporites irregularis, Zonocostite ramonae, Pachydermites diedeorixi, Echiperiporites estelae, Psilatricolporite crassus, Psilatricolporites sp, Retibrevitricolporites obodoensis, Ctenolophonidites costatus and Brevicolporites guinetii for the pollen. Spores (ferns and fungi) include Laevigatosporites discordatus, Acrostichumaureum, Verrucatosporites alienus, Polypoddiaceoisporites retirugatus, Magnastriatites howardi, Fusiformisporites sp and fungi spores. The quantitative analysis of the fossil assemblage, its composition leads to the understanding of the environment of deposition as is alluvial/fluvial and coastal settings characterized by freshwater swamp/rain forest and mangrove forest. This is correlated with warm, humid and high rainfall climate of tropical vegetation.
Keywords: Palynological analysis, Calabar Flank, quantitative analysis, environment of deposition