Annual Research & Review in Biology

India's ironic wild biota is in jeopardy as human-animal confrontations have surged, propelled by habitat loss, illegal trafficking poaching domestication etc.  The threat demands urgent conservation through holistic approaches and legalities.  The present study aims to collect information about Human-Wildlife conflict (HWC) incidents, fatalities, and economic impacts, which is a concern in Odisha. It integrates a decade of data on deaths, economic losses, and species-specific conflicts (elephants, tigers, crocodiles, sloth bears) and uses cutting-edge geospatial techniques (RS/GIS, ERDAS) to identify hotspots. The study closes gaps in Indigenous HWC research, relates findings to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs 6, 12 and 14), and delivers actionable mitigation tactics, thereby proving helpful for policymakers, ecologists, and conservationists working within biodiverse, human-dominated environments. The evaluation shows that sloth bears and crocodiles are increasing in number, in contrast, the elephant population diminishing and tigers changing colour Melania (black and white) due to genetic diversity like inbreeding or siblings. It is observed that government and community participation have instigated conservation mitigation practices.  The study highlights significant district-level findings, such as Angul and Dhenkanal being principal conflict hotspots. Briefly summarize the recommended mitigation strategies (e.g., habitat restoration, community engagement, AI monitoring) to enhance practical utility for policymakers and conservationists. The HWC have multifaceted impacts on people, communities, properties, and the wildlife itself.