Human-Wildlife Conflict and Management with Special Reference to India
Anusmita Baishya *
Livestock Production Management Section, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India.
T.K.S. Rao
Livestock Production Management, CoVAS, Kishanganj, Bihar, India.
Amit Kumar Singh
Narendra Dev University of Agriculture and Technology, Kumarganj, Ayodhya, India.
Abhishek Parmer
Poultry Research Station, Veterinary and Animal Sciences Research and Extension Unit, Kamdhenu University, Anand, Gujarat, India.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Human-wildlife conflict (HWC) represents one of the most pressing conservation and socio-economic issues globally, with profound ecological and livelihood implications. In India, the intersection of dense human populations and high biodiversity exacerbates such conflicts, often leading to loss of life, damage to property, and declines in wildlife populations. This review explores the causes, manifestations, and impacts of HWC with a focus on the Indian context. It also outlines current management practices, legal frameworks, and technological interventions, while proposing future strategies for sustainable coexistence. Emphasizing a multidisciplinary and community-inclusive approach, the paper highlights the urgency of integrating conservation science with human development.
Keywords: Human-wildlife conflict, India, conservation, wildlife management, mitigation, biodiversity, wildlife crime